第十五章 - 十二生肖
十二生肖，是中国传统文化的重要部分，由12种源于自然界的动物即
鼠、牛、虎、兔、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪以及传说中的龙所组成，
用于记年，顺序排列为
子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。
在中华文化圈内被广泛使用。
12生肖的来历如何呢?
我国古籍中记载，我国古代的中原地区，最初使用的是“干支纪年法”，即用
10个天干符号（甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸）
12个地支符号（子 、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥）相配合来纪年。在我国西北地区的少数游牧民族则以动物来纪年。
关于12生肖来历的说法还有：洪巽的《阳谷漫录》中说，12地支中位居奇数者，以动物的指或蹄也为奇数相配，如子位居首位，与它相配的鼠为5指，地支中居偶数位的，则取相属之偶数以为名，如牛与丑相配，为4爪。
叶世杰在《草木子 》中，把12生肖的来历解释为：术家以12肖配12辰，每肖各有不足之形焉，如鼠无齿、牛无牙、虎无脾、兔无唇、龙无耳、蛇无足、马无胆、羊无瞳、猴无臀、鸡无肾、犬无胃、猪无 筋、人则无不足”。
其它的说法还有种种。诸如：
黄帝要选拔12种动物在天上按时值班……通过竞赛而选中了鼠 、牛、虎等12种动物；12生肖来源于原始社会一些氏族的图腾崇拜，按某次集会时各部落的强弱划分；12生肖可能是从天竺引 进的；或28个星宿分布周天，以值12个时辰。
每个星宿都以一种动物命名。从每个时辰值班的动物中挑选某种常见的作某一年的代称等等，不一而足。
尽管人们不能确定12生肖的确切来历，但因为它的通俗、方便又具有趣味性，
所以一直沿用至今，成为古人留给我们的一种仍有实用价值的宝贵遗产。
Chapter 15 - 12 Chinese Zodiac
The Shēngxiào (Chinese: 生肖), better known in English as the Chinese Zodiac, is a scheme that relates each year to an animal and its reputed attributes, according to a 12-year mathematical cycle. It has wide currency in several East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan.
Identifying this scheme using the term "zodiac" reflects several similarities to the Western zodiac: both have time cycles divided into 12 parts, each labels at least the majority of those parts with names of animals, and each is widely associated with a culture of attributing influence of a person's relationship to the cycle upon their personality and/or events in their life. Nevertheless, there are major differences: the "Chinese" 12-part cycle corresponds to years rather than months. The Chinese zodiac is represented by 12 animals, whereas some of the signs in the Western zodiac are not animals, despite the implication of the Greek etymology of "zodiac". The animals of the Chinese zodiac are not associated with constellations, let alone those spanned by the ecliptic plane.
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