APN2012 第十四章 - 舞狮 (Lion Dance)

第十四章 - 舞狮

狮子舞也叫“狮舞”、“狮灯”、“舞狮”、“舞狮子”，是谁传在我国

广大地区的民间舞蹈。是为我国广大人民群众吝阅乐见的一种民

间艺术形式。多在年节和喜庆活动中表演。脚子在我国人民心目

中是吉祥物，它能除害驱邪，保人畜平安。人们舞脚，是为了析

求神兽保护，吉祥如意。

在一千多年的发展过程中，狮舞形成了南北两种表演风格。北派狮舞以表演“武狮”为主，即魏武帝钦定的北魏“瑞狮”。小狮一人舞，大狮由双人舞，一人站立舞狮头，一人弯腰舞狮身和狮尾。舞狮人全身披包狮被，下穿和狮身相同毛色的绿狮裤和金爪蹄靴，人们无法辨认舞狮人的形体，它的外形和真狮极为相似。引狮人以古代武士装扮，手握旋转绣球，配以京锣、鼓钹、逗引瑞狮。狮子在“狮子郎”的引导下，表演腾翻、扑跌、跳跃、登高、朝拜等技巧，并有走梅花桩、窜桌子、踩滚球等高难度动作。南派狮舞以表演“文狮”为主，表演时讲究表情，有搔痒、抖毛、舔毛等动作，惟妙惟肖，逗人喜爱，也有难度较大的吐球等技巧。南狮以广东为中心，并风行于港澳，东南亚侨乡。南狮虽也是双人舞，但舞狮人下穿灯笼裤，上面仅仅披着一块彩色的狮被而舞。和北狮不同的是“狮子郎”头戴大头佛面具，身穿长袍，腰束彩带，手握葵扇而逗引狮子，以此舞出各种优美的招式，动作滑稽风趣。南狮流派众多，有清远、英德的“鸡公狮”，广州、佛山的“大头狮”，高鹤、中山的“鸭嘴狮”，东莞的“麒麟狮”等。南狮除外形不同外，尚有性格不同。白须狮舞法幅度不宽、花色品种不多，但沉着刚健，威严有力，民间称为“刘备狮”。黑须红面狮，人称“关公狮”，舞姿勇猛而雄伟，气概非凡。灰白胡须狮，动作粗犷好战，俗称“张飞狮”。狮子为百兽之尊，形象雄伟俊武，给人以威严、勇猛之感。古人将它当作勇敢和力量的象征，认为它能驱邪镇妖、保佑人畜平安。所以人们逐渐形成了在元宵节时及其他重大活动里舞狮子的习俗，以祈望生活吉祥如意，事事平安。

Chapter 14 - Lion Dance

Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture, in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume. The lion dance is often mistakenly referred to as dragon dance. An easy way to tell the difference is that a lion is operated by two people, while a dragon needs many people. Also, in a lion dance, the performers' faces are covered, since they are inside the lion. In a dragon dance, the performers can be seen since the dragon is held upon poles. Basic lion dance fundamental movements can be found in most Chinese martial arts.

During the Chinese New Year, lion dancer troupes from the Chinese martial art schools or Chinese guild and associations will visit the houses and shops of the Chinese community to perform the traditional custom of "cai ching" (採青), literally means "plucking the greens", a quest by the 'lion' to pluck the auspicious green normally 'vegetables' like lettuce which in Chinese called 菜 (vegetable) that sound like 财(fortune) and auspicious fruit like oranges tied to a "Red Envelope" containing money; either hang highly or just put on a table in front of the premises. The "lion" will dance and approach the "green" and "red envelope" like a curious cat, to "eat the green" and "spit" it out leave it in a nice arrangement, like an auspicious character but keep the "red envelope". The lion dance is believed to bring good luck and fortune to the business and the troupe is rewarded with the "red envelope".

Different types of vegetables, fruits, foods or utensils with auspicious and good symbolic meanings; for instance pineapples, pamelos, bananas, oranges, sugar cane shoots, coconuts, beer, clay pots or even crabs can be used to be the "greens"  to be "plucked" to give different difficulty and challenge for the lion dance performers. But the difficulties of the challenge should comes with the bigger the rewards of the "red envelope" given.

The lion dance, sometimes along with the dragon dance, is also usually performed at many other important grand occasions, including Chinese traditional, cultural and religious festivals, business opening events, birthday celebrations, and honor guest welcoming and wedding ceremonies by the Chinese communities.